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40 Cray T3E User’s Guide
Chapter 5
Fortran programming
The Cray T3E offers a Fortran 90 compiler which can be used to com-
pile standard-conforming FORTRAN 77 programs as well. This chapter
discusses the most essential compiler features. Parallel programming is
described in Chapter 7. Programming tools are discussed in Chapter 9.
5.1 The Fortran 90 compiler
The Cray T3E Fortran 90 compiler (CF90) supports a full implementation
of the ANSI and ISO Fortran 90 standard. The compiler also includes
many traditional Cray-specific features, such as Cray-style pointers.
A separate FORTRAN 77 compiler is not (and will not be) available on
the Cray T3E. Because the FORTRAN 77 standard is included in the
Fortran 90 programming language, you can also compile FORTRAN 77
programs with the Cray CF90 compiler. You should note, however, that
some Fortran programs contain vendor-specific extensions which may
or may not be compatible with the Fortran 90 standard.
Note that the Cray Fortran 90 compiler is unable to parallelize your code
automatically. Instead, you must use explicit methods such as message-
passing (MPI or PVM) libraries, or the data-passing library (SHMEM).
The data-parallel programming language HPF (High Performance For-
tran) with HPF_CRAFT extensions is also available. This programming
model, supporting HPF directives in the Fortran source code, is dis-
cussed in Section 7.5.
- Cray T3E 1
- User’s Guide 1
- Cray T3E User’s Guide 3 3
- Contents 4
- Contents 5 5
- B Glossary 113 6
- Bibliography 118 6
- Index 120 6
- Introduction 7
- 1.2 Usage policy 8
- 1.3 Overview of the system 9
- 1.4 Programming environment 9
- 10 Cray T3E User’s Guide 10
- Chapter 1. Introduction 11 11
- 12 Cray T3E User’s Guide 12
- Using the Cray T3E at CSC 13
- 2.2 Files 14
- 2.3 Editing files 16
- 2.5 Executing in batch mode 17
- 2.6 More information 18
- The Cray T3E system 20
- 3.2 Distributed memory 21
- 3.3 Processing elements 21
- 3.4 Processor architecture 23
- 3.5 Local memory hierarchy 24
- 26 Cray T3E User’s Guide 26
- Processing Element 27
- I/O Controller 27
- Interconnection 27
- Network 27
- 3.9 File systems 28
- 3.10 Resource monitoring 29
- 30 Cray T3E User’s Guide 30
- 3.11 More information 31
- Program development 32
- 4.3.1 BLAS 34
- 4.3.2 LAPACK 34
- 4.3.3 BLACS 35
- 4.3.4 PBLAS and ScaLAPACK 35
- 4.3.5 Details 35
- 36 Cray T3E User’s Guide 36
- 4.6 More information 38
- Fortran programming 40
- 5.2 Basic usage 41
- 5.4 Compiler options 42
- 5.5 Optimization options 42
- 5.6 Optimizing for cache 44
- 5.7 Compiler directives 45
- 5.8 Fortran 90 modules 48
- 5.9 Source code preprocessing 49
- 5.10 More information 51
- C and C++ programming 52
- 6.2 The C compiler 53
- 6.3 Calling Fortran from C 54
- 6.4 C compiler options 55
- #pragma _CRI symmetric var 59
- #pragma _CRI unroll [n] 59
- 6.6 The C++ compiler 61
- 6.7 More information 61
- Interprocess communication 62
- 7.2.1 Format of the MPI calls 63
- 7.2.2 Some MPI routines 64
- 7.2.3 An example of using MPI 64
- 7.2.5 MPI data types 67
- 7.3.1 Using PVM on the T3E 68
- #include <mpp/shmem.h> 71
- INCLUDE ’mpp/shmem.fh’ 71
- 7.4.2 Data addresses 72
- 7.4.4 Reduction routines 74
- 7.4.6 Example of using SHMEM 76
- 78 Cray T3E User’s Guide 78
- 0:c= 10121416 78
- 1:c= 2468 78
- 80 Cray T3E User’s Guide 80
- Batch queuing system 81
- 82 Cray T3E User’s Guide 82
- # QSUB -l p_mpp_t=7000 82
- 8.3 Status of the NQE job 83
- 84 Cray T3E User’s Guide 84
- 8.4 Deleting an NQE batch job 86
- 8.5 Queues 86
- 8.6 More information 87
- Programming tools 88
- 9.2 Program Browser 89
- 9.3 Debugging programs 92
- 9.3.2 Examining core files 93
- 94 Cray T3E User’s Guide 94
- 9.4.1 MPP Apprentice 95
- 9.4.2 The appview command 98
- 9.4.3 PAT 98
- 9.5.1 The VAMPIRtrace library 100
- 102
- 9.5.3 More information 103
- Miscellaneous notes 104
- 10.1.3 The CPU clock timer 105
- 10.1.4 Example of timing 106
- 108 Cray T3E User’s Guide 108
- 10.4 More information 110
- About CSC 111
- 112 Cray T3E User’s Guide 112
- Glossary 113
- 114 Cray T3E User’s Guide 114
- Appendix B. Glossary 115 115
- Metacomputer Environment 116
- Bibliography 118
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