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100 Cray T3E User’s Guide
program must be compiled with the option -g, which disables optimiza-
tion and thus increases the run time.
More information about PAT in general and on its advanced features can
be found on the manual pages (man pat).
9.5 Tracing message passing: VAMPIR
VAMPIR Visualization and Analysis of MPI Resources is a profiling tool for
MPI applications. It consists of two parts: the VAMPIRtrace library which
is linked to the program to be profiled, and the VAMPIR visualization
tool which is used to analyze the trace file after the program execution.
The VAMPIR trace library is installed on the Cray T3E. The trace files
must, however, be inspected with the visualization tool on Caper.
9.5.1 The VAMPIRtrace library
VAMPIRtrace is an MPI profiling library that generates VAMPIR traces.
It hooks into the MPI profiling interface which guarantees low tracing
overhead. The effects of distributed clock drifts are corrected automat-
ically. Tracing can be enabled or disabled during runtime. The profiling
library is suitable for Fortran 90, FORTRAN 77, C and C++ programs.
Before using the VAMPIRtrace library the VAMPIR environment on the
T3E must be initialized with the command use vampir. The VAMPIR-
trace library can be linked to a user’s program, without any amendments,
with the options -lVT -pmpi. In practice, however, one needs to add
calls to VAMPIRtrace API routines in the source code to facilitate the
analysis. This is done most conveniently using the source code pre-
processor to maintain a single version to be run with or without the
VAMPIRtrace. When a parallel program linked with the trace library is
executed, it generates a trace file with the suffix .bvp. The trace file may
be so large that you should run the program in the temporary or work
directory ($TMPDIR or $WRKDIR).
The following example shows how to generate a trace file from a For-
tran 90 master-slave application. The source code in the example is
divided into modules in files loadbal.F90, pgamma.F90, mpi.f and
vt.F90, and can be found at the Web address http://www.csc.fi/
programming/examples/vampir_mod/
t3e% use vampir
[vampir is now in use]
t3e% f90 -I $PAL_ROOT/include -o loadbal mpi.f vt.F90 \
loadbal.F90 pgamma.F90 -lVT -lpmpi -DUSE_VT
- Cray T3E 1
- User’s Guide 1
- Cray T3E User’s Guide 3 3
- Contents 4
- Contents 5 5
- B Glossary 113 6
- Bibliography 118 6
- Index 120 6
- Introduction 7
- 1.2 Usage policy 8
- 1.3 Overview of the system 9
- 1.4 Programming environment 9
- 10 Cray T3E User’s Guide 10
- Chapter 1. Introduction 11 11
- 12 Cray T3E User’s Guide 12
- Using the Cray T3E at CSC 13
- 2.2 Files 14
- 2.3 Editing files 16
- 2.5 Executing in batch mode 17
- 2.6 More information 18
- The Cray T3E system 20
- 3.2 Distributed memory 21
- 3.3 Processing elements 21
- 3.4 Processor architecture 23
- 3.5 Local memory hierarchy 24
- 26 Cray T3E User’s Guide 26
- Processing Element 27
- I/O Controller 27
- Interconnection 27
- Network 27
- 3.9 File systems 28
- 3.10 Resource monitoring 29
- 30 Cray T3E User’s Guide 30
- 3.11 More information 31
- Program development 32
- 4.3.1 BLAS 34
- 4.3.2 LAPACK 34
- 4.3.3 BLACS 35
- 4.3.4 PBLAS and ScaLAPACK 35
- 4.3.5 Details 35
- 36 Cray T3E User’s Guide 36
- 4.6 More information 38
- Fortran programming 40
- 5.2 Basic usage 41
- 5.4 Compiler options 42
- 5.5 Optimization options 42
- 5.6 Optimizing for cache 44
- 5.7 Compiler directives 45
- 5.8 Fortran 90 modules 48
- 5.9 Source code preprocessing 49
- 5.10 More information 51
- C and C++ programming 52
- 6.2 The C compiler 53
- 6.3 Calling Fortran from C 54
- 6.4 C compiler options 55
- #pragma _CRI symmetric var 59
- #pragma _CRI unroll [n] 59
- 6.6 The C++ compiler 61
- 6.7 More information 61
- Interprocess communication 62
- 7.2.1 Format of the MPI calls 63
- 7.2.2 Some MPI routines 64
- 7.2.3 An example of using MPI 64
- 7.2.5 MPI data types 67
- 7.3.1 Using PVM on the T3E 68
- #include <mpp/shmem.h> 71
- INCLUDE ’mpp/shmem.fh’ 71
- 7.4.2 Data addresses 72
- 7.4.4 Reduction routines 74
- 7.4.6 Example of using SHMEM 76
- 78 Cray T3E User’s Guide 78
- 0:c= 10121416 78
- 1:c= 2468 78
- 80 Cray T3E User’s Guide 80
- Batch queuing system 81
- 82 Cray T3E User’s Guide 82
- # QSUB -l p_mpp_t=7000 82
- 8.3 Status of the NQE job 83
- 84 Cray T3E User’s Guide 84
- 8.4 Deleting an NQE batch job 86
- 8.5 Queues 86
- 8.6 More information 87
- Programming tools 88
- 9.2 Program Browser 89
- 9.3 Debugging programs 92
- 9.3.2 Examining core files 93
- 94 Cray T3E User’s Guide 94
- 9.4.1 MPP Apprentice 95
- 9.4.2 The appview command 98
- 9.4.3 PAT 98
- 9.5.1 The VAMPIRtrace library 100
- 102
- 9.5.3 More information 103
- Miscellaneous notes 104
- 10.1.3 The CPU clock timer 105
- 10.1.4 Example of timing 106
- 108 Cray T3E User’s Guide 108
- 10.4 More information 110
- About CSC 111
- 112 Cray T3E User’s Guide 112
- Glossary 113
- 114 Cray T3E User’s Guide 114
- Appendix B. Glossary 115 115
- Metacomputer Environment 116
- Bibliography 118
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